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Political Subjugation, Internal Faultlines, and Hindu Civilisation: An Evidence-Based Reappraisal

UPSC Secretary Shashi Ranjan Kumar’s remarks—linking Hindu civilisation’s decline to political subjugation and internal shortcomings—have revived a vital debate. This evidence-based analysis distinguishes between transient state contraction and enduring civilisational continuity across Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism. It maps key turning points from the Delhi Sultanate and Mughal Empire to British Colonial Rule, while highlighting…
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Cyclical Puranic Time vs Linear Chronology: A Rigorous, Evidence-Aware Rethink of Archaeology

This article places the cyclical Puranic model of time alongside the linear chronology that guides most modern archaeology, showing how each framework shapes questions, methods, and interpretations. It explains the technical architecture of Puranic time—yugas, manvantaras, and kalpas—and situates it within a broader dharmic consensus shared by Hindu, Buddhist, and Jain cosmologies. The discussion surveys…
