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What Western Indian Folktales Reveal about Surpanakha’s Mutilation—History, Symbolism, and Dharma
Across Gujarat, Rajasthan, and Maharashtra, the Ramayana’s episode of Surpanakha’s mutilation is retold through Bhavai, Harikatha, kirtan, and puppetry to emphasize maryada, ahimsa, and ethical restraint. Western Indian folktales retain Valmiki’s core plot yet recast the act as symbolic censure rather than graphic punishment. The nose and ears become metaphors for honor, prana, and attentive…
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Surpanakha’s Ties to Khara and Dushana: Family, Power, and Tragedy in the Ramayana
This analysis situates Surpanakha’s ties to Khara and Dushana within Aranya Kanda, showing how kinship and command intersect at Janasthana. It clarifies textual and regional variations (brothers versus close kinsmen) while preserving fidelity to the Valmiki Ramayana. Readers gain a clear view of how personal humiliation escalates into the Battle of Janasthana, highlighting dharma’s role…