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13 July 1931 in Kashmir: The Painful History Behind Kashmiri Hindu ‘Black Day’
13 July 1931 occupies two sharply different places in Kashmir’s public memory. This account explains why Kashmiri Hindus remember the date as ‘Black Day’, while many Kashmiri Muslims historically observed it as Martyrs’ Day after Dogra forces killed demonstrators outside Srinagar Central Jail. It reconstructs the Dogra-era background, Maharaja Hari Singh’s Round Table Conference role,…
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Meet Bahadur Yar Jung: A Hyderabadi Pioneer of Pakistan
Syed Muhammad Kasim Razvi, a fervent bigot, rose to power in Hyderabad under Nizam Mir Osman Ali. Razvi’s influence led to the persecution of Hindus and the establishment of an Islamic state. His rapid ascent and ruthless tactics dramatically reshaped the region’s political and religious landscape, leaving a lasting impact.